Between Dutch care laws

The municipality points to your insurer. Your insurer sends you back.

Both organisations have given you an answer, but you still have no support. Here is how to turn referrals into clear, written next steps.

You need care or support. The municipality says it belongs under health insurance. The health insurer tells you to contact the municipality.

This can happen because help at home is divided across several Dutch laws. The name of a service is not always enough to determine who is responsible. Personal care, guidance or equipment may fall under a different scheme depending on why it is needed and who assesses it.

This page helps you understand the main routes and turn separate phone calls into a record that can be checked. It provides general information about the Dutch care system, not individual legal advice.

The basics

Why this happens: three laws, three routes

This is a starting point, not a decision about your individual case. Regelhulp provides an official Dutch overview of the differences between the Wmo, Zvw and Wlz.

Wmo: support at home

The municipality arranges social support that helps people live independently and take part in society. This can include guidance, household support, social transport or a home adaptation. What is considered appropriate depends on the person's circumstances and the municipality's assessment.

Zvw: medical care and district nursing

Health insurance covers insured medical care. Nursing and personal care at home may fall under district nursing when there is a medical need. A district nurse assesses what district nursing is needed; the health insurer pays for care covered by the policy and the Dutch statutory package.

Wlz: permanent intensive care

The Long-term Care Act is intended for people who permanently need supervision or care available around the clock. The CIZ decides whether a person qualifies for Wlz care. After an indication, the regional care office helps organise that care.

One person can receive help under more than one law. Even with a Wlz indication, services such as social transport, a home adaptation or medical treatment may still fall outside the Wlz.
First orientation

Which description comes closest to your question?

Living independently and taking part

If the main issue concerns household tasks, guidance, daytime activities, social transport or adapting the home, the route often starts with the municipality. Ask for an assessment of your support needs and, if you apply, request the final decision in writing.

Nursing or personal care for a medical need

If you need care at home that is normally provided by a nurse, district nursing under health insurance may be appropriate. The assessment is made by a district nurse, rather than a general customer-service employee at the insurer.

Care or supervision must always be nearby

If permanent care nearby or constant supervision is necessary to prevent serious harm, a Wlz application to the CIZ may be relevant. A client support adviser can help you explore the route without deciding the application.

Your situation does not fit one box

You should not have to settle the legal classification yourself. Describe what help is needed, why it is needed and what happens when it is missing. Then ask each organisation to explain its assessment and referral in writing.

Practical steps

What you can do today

Move from verbal referrals towards specific answers, named contacts and written next steps.

1

Describe the help that is missing

Do not only name the service you want. Note what you cannot manage, what support is needed, how often the problem occurs and what the consequences are if nobody helps. This makes the actual question clearer.

2

Ask both organisations for a written answer

Ask which support question was assessed, what the conclusion was and why the organisation does not consider itself responsible. For a Wmo application, request the municipality's formal decision. Ask the insurer to confirm its response and reasoning in writing.

3

Ask where they believe you should apply

Do not stop at "not us". Ask for the name of the responsible organisation, the route you should use and the information that should be included. Also ask whether your request or records can be forwarded.

4

Request free independent client support

An adviser can help organise your question, attend meetings and compare the different answers. Read how independent client support works and where to request it.

5

Ask Het Juiste Loket

Het Juiste Loket is the Dutch national service for questions at the boundary between the Youth Act, Wmo, Zvw and Wlz. It provides information and independent guidance about the organisations that may be involved.

6

Choose the correct follow-up route

If you disagree with a decision, use the objection or dispute route that belongs to it. If the problem is a lack of response or how you were treated, use the complaint procedure. For an insurance dispute, you normally complain to the insurer before SKGZ can consider the matter.

7

Keep one timeline

For every contact, note the date, organisation, name, question, answer and any stated deadline. Keep letters, emails and reference numbers together. This makes it easier to show where the two answers contradict each other.

Put it in writing

Five questions you can use as written

Which specific support question did you assess?
Why do you believe this support is not your responsibility?
Which scheme or organisation do you believe is responsible?
Which application or assessment should I request there?
When will I receive your answer and reasoning in writing?
Time limits

What to know about response and decision periods

At the municipality

A notification, assessment, application and formal decision are different stages. Ask which stage your request has reached and when you will receive the formal decision. That decision should explain how and within what period you can object.

At the health insurer

Ask when you will receive a substantive response and which internal complaint procedure applies. If the issue remains unresolved, SKGZ can explain whether mediation or a formal dispute procedure may be available. Always verify current time limits with the relevant organisation.

From experience to pattern

Are you forced to connect two systems yourself?

If you repeatedly have to explain why the other organisation sent you back, this is more than an isolated administrative problem. Zorgfuik collects these experiences so recurring gaps in the Dutch system become visible.

Frequently asked questions

How do I know whether my support falls under the Wmo, Zvw or Wlz?
Start with the type of help you need. Support for living independently and taking part in society often falls under the Wmo. District nursing for a medical need falls under health insurance. Permanent supervision or care available around the clock may fall under the Wlz. Borderline cases can be discussed with Het Juiste Loket.
Can the municipality and health insurer both be responsible?
Yes. One person can receive help under several Dutch care laws. A municipality may arrange a home adaptation or social transport, while the health insurer pays for medical treatment or district nursing. Even with a Wlz indication, some services can remain the responsibility of the municipality or insurer. The exact division depends on the situation.
What should I request in writing if both organisations refer me elsewhere?
Ask each organisation which request it assessed, what its conclusion was, why it does not consider itself responsible and where it believes you should apply instead. For a Wmo application, ask the municipality for the formal decision. Ask the health insurer to confirm its reasoning and the relevant complaint or dispute route in writing.
What can Het Juiste Loket do if I fall between care laws?
Het Juiste Loket provides free information and independent guidance about the Youth Act, Wmo, Zvw and Wlz in the Netherlands. Its staff can examine which organisations may be involved and point you towards the appropriate route. It does not decide an application and cannot guarantee that an organisation will approve the requested care.
Can an independent client support adviser help with this?
Yes. An adviser can help organise your support question, prepare meetings and attend an appointment with you. Municipal client support is free. If you already have a Wlz indication, support with arranging Wlz care is available through the regional care office or an independent organisation operating in that region.
Where can I complain about a municipality or health insurer?
The route depends on the problem. If you disagree with a formal decision, follow the objection or dispute instructions in the letter. If the issue is how you were treated, start with the organisation's complaint procedure. For a health insurer, SKGZ may be appropriate afterwards; for a municipality, the relevant ombuds service may be able to help.
Official sources

Check the route with the responsible organisation