Autism in women · the figures

1 in 3 instead of 1 in 5. Not yet an equal chance.

Recognition of autism in women is improving, the figures show how much room there is left.

How common it is

Bigger than you think

3 in 1

is the ratio of men to women in autism diagnoses in the Netherlands, despite indications that the actual prevalence is closer.

2 to 3 years

later, on average, girls are diagnosed with autism than boys.

Almost half

of women with autism initially received at least one other diagnosis that was later withdrawn, compared to more than a quarter of men.

A large recent study suggests that autism is probably not more common. in boys: it only takes longer for girls to be diagnosed, probably because the characteristics express themselves differently and are less quickly recognised by parents, teachers and diagnosticians.
What is striking

From 1 in 5 to 1 in 3

In the 1990s, approximately 1 in 5 autism diagnoses concerned a woman. This has now improved proportionally to about 1 in 3, partly thanks to research into how autism manifests itself specifically in women. That is clear progress, but at the same time it is still not an equal distribution.

“We do not know exactly what the actual distribution between men and women is, but it is probably closer to fifty-fifty than the diagnosis figures show.”

Why it was missed is

It is not in the patient, but in the look

Instruments built on the male image

Commonly used questionnaires contain questions that better reflect how autism presents itself in boys out.

Camouflage is counterproductive to recognition

The better someone hides her characteristics, the less a diagnostician sees to rely on.

Expectations of parents and teachers

If no one expects autism in a girl, less attention is focused on wanted.

What the numbers do not tell

What does and does not count

Yes counted

What is visible

  • Women who ultimately receive a correct diagnosis
  • Research into camouflage and its consequences
  • Development of women-specific screening instruments
Not counted

What is invisible remains

  • Women who are still stuck in a previous, incorrect diagnosis
  • The energy that has gone into camouflage for years sit
  • How many burnouts, anxiety and depression symptoms were actually masked autism
Do not skip anyone

And in men and children?

This page is built around the women's trap, because that is where the sharpest underdiagnosis figures are found. Autism in men and autism in children and teenagers both have their own pattern and deserve equal attention, which is why they have their own file instead of a short block here.

Sources

Where these figures come from

Ratio 3 to 1, almost half was wrong at first diagnosis
NVA, Expert Group on Autism and Women, with reference to research by the Dutch Autism Register (NAR). See autisme.nl.
Diagnosed 2 to 3 years later, diagnosis missed more often
Participate! Autism, about autism in women and the diagnostic process. See participate-autisme.be.
Autism probably not more common in boys, diagnosis more often missed in girls
Scientias.nl, about a large-scale study into gender differences in autism diagnosis. See scientias.nl.
From 1 in 5 to 1 in 3, new screening instrument for women
GGZ Nieuws, about research by Yvonne Groen and the Autism Team Noord-the Netherlands. See ggznieuws.nl.
Men: late diagnosis often due to burnout
NVA, about autism and burnout in adults, and the pattern in which a burnout diagnosis is made before autism is recognised. See autisme.nl.
Teenagers: compensation disappears during puberty
Autismespecialisme.nl, about how autism is diagnosed per age phase and why puberty is a vulnerable period. See autismespecialisme.nl.

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